单元测试

参考资料

单元测试

C语言可以使用minunit.h来编写单元测试代码。在工程目录下创建一个 test 目录，然后在里头创建文件名以 “test” 开头的测试代码。例如：

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#include "../lib/minunit.h"
#include "../lib/numeric_util.h"  // 要测试的函数的所在位置

char *test_fibonacci_naive(void)
{
    int array[20] = {0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181};
    
    int i;
    int fib;
    int err = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        fib = fibonacci_naive(i);
        if (array[i] != fib){
            err = 1;
            goto error;
        }
    }
error:
    mu_assert(err == 0, "test fibonacci naive failed.");
    return NULL;
}

char *all_tests() {
    mu_suite_start();

    mu_run_test(test_fibonacci_naive);
    
    return NULL;
}

RUN_TESTS(all_tests);

要启用测试，还需要借助一个测试脚本 runtest.sh。将它放在测试代码的同个目录下，然后可以在项目的 Makefile 中写命令调用它。

一个自动化编译的 Makefile

以下 Makefile 文件会自动查找 src 下面对的所有源文件并编译。

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CFLAGS=-g -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Isrc -rdynamic -DNDEBUG $(OPTFLAGS)
LIBS=-ldl $(OPTLIBS)
PREFIX?=/usr/local

SOURCES=$(wildcard src/**/*.c src/*.c)
OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(SOURCES))

TEST_SRC=$(wildcard tests/*_tests.c)
TESTS=$(patsubst %.c,%,$(TEST_SRC))

TARGET=build/libYOUR_LIBRARY.a
SO_TARGET=$(patsubst %.a,%.so,$(TARGET))

# The Target Build
all: $(TARGET) $(SO_TARGET) tests

dev: CFLAGS=-g -Wall -Isrc -Wall -Wextra $(OPTFLAGS)
dev: all

$(TARGET): CFLAGS += -fPIC
$(TARGET): build $(OBJECTS)
       ar rcs $@ $(OBJECTS)
       ranlib $@

$(SO_TARGET): $(TARGET) $(OBJECTS)
       $(CC) -shared -o $@ $(OBJECTS)

build:
       @mkdir -p build
       @mkdir -p bin

# The Unit Tests
.PHONY: tests
tests: CFLAGS += $(TARGET)
tests: $(TESTS)
       sh ./tests/runtests.sh

valgrind:
       VALGRIND="valgrind --log-file=/tmp/valgrind-%p.log" $(MAKE)

# The Cleaner
clean:
       rm -rf build $(OBJECTS) $(TESTS)
       rm -f tests/tests.log
       find . -name "*.gc*" -exec rm {} \;
       rm -rf `find . -name "*.dSYM" -print`

# The Install
install: all
       install -d $(DESTDIR)/$(PREFIX)/lib/
       install $(TARGET) $(DESTDIR)/$(PREFIX)/lib/

# The Checker
BADFUNCS='[^_.>a-zA-Z0-9](str(n?cpy|n?cat|xfrm|n?dup|str|pbrk|tok|_)|stpn?cpy|a?sn?printf|byte_)'
check:
       @echo Files with potentially dangerous functions.
       @egrep $(BADFUNCS) $(SOURCES) || true

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